Endocrine Abstracts

Background: Childhood obesity is increasing worldwide and presents as a global health issue due to multiple metabolic comorbidities. About 1% of adolescents with obesity develop type 2 diabetes (T2D), however little is known about the genetic background in young age. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence of impaired glucose regulation (IGR) in a large cohort of children and adolescents with obesity and to characterize insulin sensitivity and insulin secretio...

Background: It becomes increasingly evident that features of the metabolic syndrome are already present in young obese patients. Especially an impaired glucose metabolism with insulin resistance is an alarming sign of existing comorbidity of childhood obesity. Metformin has been argued as one pharmacological option to improve impaired glucose metabolism at least in obese adults. So far three prospective randomized studies were performed in childhood cohorts with <30 patien...

Background: Obesity is a rising problem in developed and developing countries. Currently little is known about prevalence and prognosis of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in obese children and adolescents in Europe.Patients and methods: About 491 obese children (mean-age 11.2 years; mean-BMI 30.3 kg/m2) were examined (lipid-profile; blood pressure, insulin-resistance1) and in 102 of them with risk factors for type 2 diabe...

Introduction: Children with adrenal insufficiency requiring hydrocortisone rely on compounded adult medication. This study aimed to evaluate the absorption, palatability and safety of Alkindi® (hydrocortisone granules in capsules for opening).Methods: The phase 3 study was an open-label, single-dose study in a total of 24 children (aged 0–6 years) with adrenal insufficiency. Fasted children were given a single dose of Alkindi&#1...

Clinical Endocrinology, 2018, 88(1): 21–29 (DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/cen.13447)...

The melanocortin-4-receptor (MC4R) plays an important role in body weight regulation. Mutations in the MC4R gene are the most common genetic cause for obesity. The most frequent Northern European mutation is Y35X, associated with D37V on the same allele. Furthermore, there are two variants with a relatively high frequency: V103I and S127L. In rare cases, we identified the variants V103I and S127L on the same allele. The occurrence of two variants on the same allele makes a fou...

Introduction: In the past 20 years, obesity has become a major health problem occurring as well in adults as in children. Beside environmental influences on body weight, the genetic background of a person plays an important role in body weight control. After the description of monogenetic mutations linked to obesity most current studies investigate polygenetic forms of obesity.Recent studies showed an association between two SNPs, located in the promoter...

Objective: The increasing incidence of obesity is a major health problem world-wide. So far, mutations were identified in genes encoding major contributors in energy homeostasis. With the exception of mutations in the melanocortin-4-receptor gene (MC4R) obesity-causing mutations are very rare. To date great efforts were undertaken to identify gene variants that contribute to polygenic obesity. The GIPR belongs to the large superfamily of G-protein coupled recepto...

Objective: The incidence of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions. Glucocorticoid excess causes central obesity and diabetes mellitus as seen in Cushing’s syndrome. The 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11beta-HSD1), which is predominantly expressed in liver and adipose tissue, regenerates active cortisol from inactive cortisone. Increased 11beta-HSD1 may cause tissue-specific Cushing syndrome with central obesity and impa...

Objective: The incidence of childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes has reached epidemic proportions. Glucocorticoid excess causes central obesity and diabetes mellitus as seen in Cushing’s syndrome. The 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 enzyme (11beta-HSD1), which is predominantly expressed in liver and adipose tissue, regenerates active cortisol from inactive cortisone. Altered 11beta-HSD1 may cause tissue-specific Cushing syndrome with central obesity and impair...